Chest pain manifests in various forms, from a sharp stab to a dull ache, and it can be a sign of many different medical conditions. While some causes are not serious, others may require immediate medical attention. Identifying the source of chest discomfort is the first step toward receiving an appropriate diagnosis. Here is more information about the causes and treatments for chest pain:
Typical Causes
Chest pain can result from muscle strain or injury to the chest wall. It is sometimes caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), but it may also stem from more serious conditions like heart attacks or angina. While some causes resolve on their own, others require a thorough medical evaluation to determine an effective treatment plan.
Angina Issues
Certain cardiovascular conditions present with chest pain, and other symptoms may also occur. Angina is chest discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not get enough oxygen-rich blood, and it may feel like pressure or squeezing in the chest. Issues with the aorta, the main artery leaving the heart, such as an aneurysm or dissection, produce severe and sudden pain in the chest or upper back.
Pericarditis Inflammation
Pericarditis is inflammation of a sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition often causes a sharp, stabbing pain that may worsen with coughing, lying down, or deep inhalation. A viral infection is a typical cause, but other medical issues also lead to its development, so a thorough evaluation is performed to determine the origin.
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Mitral valve prolapse happens when the valve between the heart’s left atrium and left ventricle does not close properly. Blood may leak backward through the valve, a condition known as regurgitation. Many people with this condition have no symptoms, but some individuals might experience arrhythmias, dizziness, or chest pain.
Cardiovascular Medications
Physicians may prescribe medications to manage conditions, and these treatments can help alleviate pain. ACE inhibitors work by relaxing blood vessels, which lowers blood pressure and reduces the heart’s workload. Diuretics, or water pills, may help the body remove excess fluid.
The medication depends on the diagnosis, a patient’s overall health profile, and the presence of other medical conditions. Monitoring is a standard part of treatment, as adjustments may be needed to manage effects and optimize dosage. A physician may discuss the expected outcomes and potential side effects associated with any prescribed drug.
Non-invasive Procedures
To diagnose the cause of chest pain without surgery, medical professionals use several diagnostic tools. An echocardiogram uses sound waves to create images of the heart, showing its size, structure, and motion. Other tests provide additional information about heart function and blood flow. Some of the procedures include:
- Stress testing
- Echocardiography
- CT angiography
Surgical Procedures
When non-invasive treatments are insufficient, surgical procedures may be an option for addressing the underlying cause of pain. An angioplasty is a procedure that opens blocked or narrowed coronary arteries, and sometimes a stent is placed to keep the artery open. Atherectomy involves removing plaque from an artery, and valve replacement surgery is performed when a heart valve is diseased or damaged beyond repair.
Get Treated for Chest Pain
Chest pain is a symptom that should not be ignored, as it can be linked to a wide range of conditions, from minor to severe. A complete medical assessment can determine the reason for the discomfort and define a path forward. If you are experiencing pain, schedule an appointment with a healthcare provider for a comprehensive evaluation.
